The circumference
of the Earth at the equator is 25,000 miles. The Earth rotates in about 24 hours.
Therefore, if you were to hang above the surface of the Earth at the equator without
moving, you would see 25,000 miles pass by in 24 hours, at a
speed
of 25000/24 (1666 Km Per Hour) or just over 1000 miles per hour.
Multiply by cosine
of your latitude to see how fast the Earth is rotating where you are.
Earth is also moving
around the Sun at about 67,000 (67,000*1.6 Km ) miles per hour.
Advanced Answer
If by "turning"
you mean the rotation of the Earth about its axis (where
axis just means the straight line between the North and South poles) it is quite
easy to figure out how fast any part of the Earth's surface is moving.
The Earth rotates
once in a few minutes under a day (23 hours 56 minutes 04. 09053 seconds). This
is called the sidereal period (which means the period relative to stars). The
sidereal period is not exactly equal to a day because by the time the Earth has
rotated once, it has also moved a little in its orbit around
the Sun, so it has to keep rotating for about another 4 minutes before the Sun seems
to be back in the same place in the sky that it was in exactly a day before.
An object on the
Earth's equator will travel once around the
Earth's
circumference (40,075.036 kilometers) each sidereal day. So if you divide that distance
by the time taken, you will get the speed. An object at one
of the poles has hardly any speed due to the
Earth's
rotation. (A spot on a rod one centimeter in circumference
for example, stuck vertically in the ice exactly at a pole would have a speed
of one centimeter per day!). The speed due to
rotation
at any other point on the Earth can be calculated by multiplying the
speed
at the equator by the cosine of the latitude of the point. (If you are not familiar
with cosines, I wouldn't worry about that now, but if you can find a pocket calculator
which has a cosine button you might like to try taking the cosine of your own latitude
and multiplying that by the rotation
speed
at the equator to get your own current speed due to
rotation!).
The Earth is doing
a lot more than rotating, although that is certainly the motion we notice most,
because day follows night as a result. We also orbit the Sun once a year. The circumference
of the Earth's orbit is about 940 million kilometers,
so if you divide that by the hours in a year you will get our orbital
speed
in kilometers per hour. We are also moving with the Sun around the center of our
galaxy and moving with our galaxy as it drifts through intergalactic space!
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